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      Le retour des diasporas

      ancapism.marevalo.net / Contrepoints · Tuesday, 21 February, 2023 - 03:30 · 3 minutes

    Par Nicolas Hague.

    La démographie mondiale est en train de se retourner. Partout sur la Terre le taux de fécondité  diminue jusqu’à passer sous la barre des 2,1 enfants par femme nécessaires au renouvellement des générations. En Europe la moyenne est de 1,53. La France résiste plutôt mieux que les autres pays européens avec 1,86 (en dessous du taux de renouvellement) alors que l’Allemagne est à 1,54. On estime ainsi que l’Allemagne devrait être moins peuplée que le France en 2045 . D’ici 2060, l’Allemagne devrait perdre 15 millions d’habitants et avoir une population de 66 millions d’habitants contre 80,5 millions actuellement.

    Mais ce phénomène n’est pas qu’européen.

    Le taux de fécondité est de 1,6 en Chine (1,87 aux États-Unis et 1,75 au Brésil. Même des pays ayant traditionnellement beaucoup d’enfants voient leur taux de fécondité baisser rapidement. Il est passé en 50 ans de 7,57 à 2,66 en Algérie, de 5,41 à 2,40 en Inde. Seule l’Afrique noire résiste mais même le Niger qui est le pays ayant le taux de fécondité le plus important au monde constate une baisse pour l’instant modeste (de 7,60 à 6,35 en 50 ans).

    Dans ces conditions, la population va devenir une ressource de plus en plus rare et précieuse pour de nombreux pays. Cette « ressource humaine » est d’ailleurs d’autant plus recherchée quand elle est jeune, diplômée, riche (ce qui peut compenser la jeunesse) et facilement intégrable dans le pays d’accueil. Cela va créer une concurrence exacerbée entre les États voire à des guerres.

    La guerre en Ukraine peut d’ailleurs être considérée comme l’une des premières « guerre démographique ». Malgré une politique nataliste, la Russie a un très faible taux de fécondité (1,61) et une population de seulement 143,4 millions d’habitants pour peupler le plus vaste pays du monde. En dehors de l’aspect géostratégique, une augmentation de sa population est la chose la plus précieuse que la Russie peut gagner dans cette guerre. En effet le pays ne manque pas de matières premières ni de terres cultivables mais plutôt de bras pour s’en occuper. En 2014, l’annexion de la Crimée lui a déjà fait gagner deux millions d’habitants et il y aurait actuellement presque trois millions de réfugiés ukrainiens en Russie , sans compter les populations des territoires nouvellement annexés. Cette population est par ailleurs particulièrement précieuse puisqu’elle se considère souvent elle-même déjà russe, avec la même langue, la même religion et la même culture.

    De son côté, la Hongrie a adopté une politique beaucoup plus pacifique. Suite au traité du Trianon de 1920 qui a redéfini les frontières, de nombreux Hongrois se sont retrouvés en dehors de leurs pays, ce qui représente environ deux millions de personnes dont plus de la moitié en Roumanie . La politique hongroise consiste à apporter des aides financières à ces pays avec pour objectif le maintien de la culture et de la langue hongroise. Elle permet à ces populations et à leurs descendants d’accéder à la citoyenneté hongroise. Cela permet à la Hongrie de disposer d’une réserve de population facilement assimilable sans recourir à une immigration allogène.

    Pour ce qui est de la France, il est pour l’instant exclu de procéder à un tri de l’immigration. Mais il est par contre possible que le phénomène inverse se produise. En France des communautés sont restées proches de leur pays d’origine et leurs descendants s’identifient encore à lui, comme par exemple 1,7 million de Marocains dans notre pays (6) et environ 2 millions d’Algériens. Si la situation économique de la France continuait à se dégrader alors que celle des pays d’origine s’améliorait on pourrait assister à une remigration massive, sachant par exemple que trois-quarts des Marocains résidant à l’étranger pensent revenir au Maroc un jour . Cette perspective serait vue d’un bon œil par certains politiques français mais matérialiserait et accentuerait un déclin économique puisque ce sont toujours les plus diplômés et les entrepreneurs qui partent en premier. Le phénomène a déjà été constaté avec la population juive de France qui est passée de 530 000 en 1970 à 449 000 aujourd’hui . La plupart ont été s’installer en Israël qui favorise cette immigration.

    Les prochaines années vont donc voir une concurrence accrue des pays du monde pour une main- d’œuvre de plus en plus rare. Les diasporas seront particulièrement ciblées car souvent bien éduquées et rapidement intégrables dans leur pays d’origine.

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      Dennis Schubert: ActivityPub - Final thoughts, one year later.

      debacle · Sunday, 13 January, 2019 - 22:46 edit · 2 minutes

    Dennis Schubert: ActivityPub - Final thoughts, one year later.

    Maybe Diaspora could be re-implemented using XMPP? :-)

    I would like to hold XMPP up as an example, here. If you do not know XMPP, it is short for Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol, a protocol for building distributed instant messaging applications. While extensibility was so important they even made it part of the protocol’s name, they did not want to end up with a runaway specification that depends on having implementers talk to each other to be working reliably.

    Instead, they wrote a very strict base set of the absolute minimums required to build on XMPP, and pushed that through the IETF’s standards track, ending up with what is now RFC 6120. Acknowledging that they can never address all needs in such a strict specification document, they opened themselves for more flexibility:

    This document specifies how clients connect to servers and specifies the basic semantics of XML stanzas. However, this document does not define the “payloads” of the XML stanzas that might be exchanged once a connection is successfully established; instead, those payloads are defined by various XMPP extensions. For example, [XMPP-IM] defines extensions for basic instant messaging and presence functionality. In addition, various specifications produced in the XSF’s XEP series [XEP-0001] define extensions for a wide range of applications.

    They introduced XEPs, XMPP Extensions Protocols. The very first XEP ever published, XEP-0001, describes the process of getting a new XEP published to the world, and that process of that is not very hard to understand or tricky to follow. Everyone is invited to submit a proposal, you do not have to be a member of any organization, and in fact, you do not even need to maintain your own implementation. As long as your proposal follows the rules and matches the required format, it will be taken into consideration. After a proposal has been made, there is a specific chain of events, but it boils down to an open discussion on those proposals, and if there are no more doubts or things to improve, and if people agree that the proposal would be a useful thing to standardize, the proposal will eventually end up as an actual XEP.

    At the time of writing, there are 151 active, draft, experimental, final, or proposed XEPs, and all of them can be found on the XMPP Standards Foundation’s website. Everyone interested in reading up on those topics, for example because they want to implement a client or a server, can find those documents there, and there is also a central infrastructure for asking questions and proposing improvements, which is open to everyone. This way, the XSF has ensured XMPP can be extended to all imaginable use cases, without ending up with watered-down or vague specifications.

    If, for example, I wanted to implement an XMPP server or a client4, I could read the relevant RFCs as well as the XEPs that are relevant to my project. Some documents, like XEP-0387 for example, would even help me out deciding which XEPs are essential, by listing the things that are important when building a web client, or an advanced desktop client, or a mobile application, … There would be no need for me to talk to other XMPP server or client implementers for my implementation to work, and I could be very comfortable about the interoperability of my systems if I built them in accordance to the specifications. That is what specifications are meant to be.

    #activitypub #diaspora #standards #xmpp #movim #salutatoi #xep

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      Movim 0.14 - Scotty - Anniversary Edition

      Timothée Jaussoin · pubsub.movim.eu / Movim · Sunday, 18 November, 2018 - 09:17 edit · 5 minutes

    Movim is 10 years old and it's with a lot of satisfaction that we are bringing this version 0.14 after 9 long months of development.

    Movim is a new concept of social network with instant messaging features that sits between #Instagram, #WhatsApp for the user experience and federated networks such as #Diaspora or #Mastodon.

    Ou goal is to bring everything you need to communicate with your community, classroom, company or friend circle in one simple application. Movim can easily be deployed on a server and rely on the XMPP protocol to federate them. Therefore Movim can, by design, already communicate with many XMPP/Jabber clients and doesn't need you to create a new account if you already have an XMPP one 😋.

    This new #release is coming with several core changes that greatly improved the stability and performances of the project but it also brings many design and navigation improvements to always provide you with the best experience regarding publication of content and messaging.

    Movim and PHP 7.3

    Movim is currently having technical issues to run on the upcoming version of PHP 7.3.

    This is a known and documented issue that is caused by some incompatibilities with one of the official dependencies of PHP, php-zmq, that is used at several places in the core of the daemon.

    A ticket has been open to track and give updates about this issue: Movim is not working with PHP 7.3.

    Technical changes

    Before presenting the improvements and new features let's talk a bit about what was done under the hood.

    Database

    The biggest change in this version is certainly the complete replacement of the database layer from the historical, Movim specific, Modl library to the widely used Eloquent.

    This work has been detailed in a previous article: From Modl to Eloquent, or how to change a social network database engine. To sum it up, it brought coherence in the database of the project and a huge performance boost on all the pages.

    Without any cache involved, Movim is now loading pages in only a few hundred milliseconds.

    A little chart, people always like charts

    The new database structure is also keeping good performances with a huge amount of data (millions of messages, thousands of articles on our official pods a this moment).

    With Eloquent, Movim is compatible with #MySQL, #PostgreSQL but also, since this version, with #SQLite which can greatly simplify the deployment of small instances. Thanks to JKingweb for his awesome work on this port.

    Packaging and dependencies

    Scotty will be the first version to be packaged for the #Debian project. Big improvements were made in the dependencies of the project thanks to the work of our contributors mirabilos and nik. Several were fully removed and some are replaced with more stable and reliable ones (like the SASL library, used for the authentication). This package will come a bit later regarding the issue that we have with PHP 7.3.

    Movim 0.14 is also the first version to drop the support of PHP5 (now deprecated) to focus on PHP7+.

    What's new?

    After being a bit boring with those technical changes let's have a look at what you will find as a user in this new version.

    Publications

    The publication of articles is now simpler than ever and has been fully redesigned. You can quickly publish a link or upload a picture directly from the home page or you can still switch to the more complete form to write long articles (like this one 😉).

    A more simple publication form

    When sharing a link that contains several pictures you can now pick the one that you would like to include in your publication (or no picture at all).

    Picking the perfect kitten picture :3

    The publication visibility toggle has been redesigned to be clearer as well.

    Articles

    The cards containing the preview of the articles were fully redesigned to be more compact and adaptable to smaller screens.

    The news page, contact publications and communities are now paginated allowing simpler navigation.

    If you receive articles containing NSFW content and you asked to not display them in the configuration, Movim will now display a spoiler overlay on top of them.

    Click on the spoiler to show the content

    The search feature has been improved and now supports searching in tags as well.

    The loading performances of the articles and comments were also greatly improved. Navigating between the articles feels like a breeze.

    Notifications

    All the notifications are now grouped in a panel easily available from the main menu both on desktop and on mobile. Thanks to XMPP all those notifications are received and synchronized in real time 😀.

    The new notifications panel

    Those notifications contain likes, comments and invitations that you received.

    Chats

    Several message synchronisation issues were fixed allowing Movim to handle properly the receival and read acknowledgement of the sent messages.

    Chatrooms

    The chatrooms were slightly redesigned, the moderators messages are now shown with a specific color. The messages addressed to you are also displayed with a colored border.

    Improved design for the chatrooms

    You can now also publish Stickers and emojis in your favorite chatrooms.

    But also!

    You can now use Movim to authenticate to third party websites using your XMPP account. On the websites that implement that feature, you just have to give your XMPP account and a notification will be displayed in Movim.

    The authentication notification

    You just have to accept it and you'll be automatically authenticated to the external website. How easy is it?

    More information there Journal of a Bot - Authentication with XMPP.

    Several small bugs were also fixed in the Video Conference feature. Movim is now clearer about the state of the video session and is giving proper feedbacks if the contact hung-up.

    The pictures can be directly previewed within Movim before going to the external link.

    Around the project

    The new redesigned version of the official website will now present more clearly what the project is about and all the exciting features that you can use within Movim.

    You will also find there all the apps for your desktop (Windows, macOS, Linux) and your Android phone.

    What's next?

    We are not done yet! There is already some plans for the upcoming release.

    The 0.15 will focus on the integration of the OMEMO end to end encryption protocol. The related ticket has been reopened with more proper explanations. This will be a big risky project.

    Some improvements will also be done on the suggestions of the chatrooms and communities to allow Movim users to explore and discover content more easily.

    In the meantime we all invite you to try out this new version on our official instances or deploy it on your server. You will find everything to do so on the official website.

    You can also always help us with donation to the project or support us on Liberapay or Patreon :). Giving feedbacks or talking about Movim around you is also helping us a lot!

    That's all folks!

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      Celt-Rock-Radio (sur TuneIn)

      Bigou, le VRAI! · Monday, 3 September, 2018 - 11:03 edit

    Récement sur #Diaspora, quelqu'un répondant au pseudo de gchocteau m'a fait découvrir une #webradio sympa, nommée Celt-Rock-Radio.

    Il s'agit d'une #radio #anglophone qui passe de la musique celtique, parfois rock, souvent traditionnel, le tout sans jamais être gnangnan.

    Je me suis dit que je devrais, à mon tour, la partager avec vous. ;)

    Celt-Rock-Radio #musique #celtique


    Sources :

    https://framasphere.org/posts/5483708

    https://mondiaspora.net/posts/1974539

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      Celt-Rock-Radio (sur TuneIn)

      pubsub.movim.eu / elucubrations-bigou · Friday, 17 August, 2018 - 09:52

    Récement sur #Diaspora*, quelqu'un répondant au pseudo de gchocteau m'a fait découvrir une #webradio sympa, nommée Celt-Rock-Radio.

    Il s'agit d'une #radio #anglophone qui passe de la musique celtique, parfois rock, souvent traditionnel, le tout sans jamais être gnangnan.

    Je me suis dit que je devrais, à mon tour, la partager avec vous. ;)

    Celt-Rock-Radio #musique #celtique


    Sources :

    https://framasphere.org/posts/5483708

    https://mondiaspora.net/posts/1974539