Pirate IPTV providers and streaming websites offering discounted or even free access to live sports broadcasts are controversial worldwide.

Rightsholders say these illegal platforms threaten their business and need to be brought under control. In the European Union, pressure has been building on the European Commission to urgently address the problem, via new legislation if necessary, but responses thus far have left rightsholders underwhelmed.

Last October, over 100 rightsholders and organizations, including the MPA, UEFA, Premier League, beIN, LaLiga, Serie A, Sky, and BT Sport, told the European Commission time was running out. Three weeks later the EC rejected demands for legislative instruments or European-wide regulation but promised to come up with a recommendation on mitigation measures under existing law.

Following public submissions that mostly underlined rightsholders’ claims that existing law is inadequate, the EC began to prepare its recommendation for combating piracy. A draft leaked to the media last month revealed that rightsholders will be expected to wait for another three years while the situation is monitored for change.

Faced with the prospect of no legislative action until 2026, rightsholders vented their disappointment via the Live Content Coalition, well in advance of the recommendation’s official publication.

Two Dozen MEPs Issue Demands at the Highest Level

The Association of Commercial Television and Video on Demand Services in Europe ( ACT ) is leading the campaign for legislative change on behalf of its members, some of which are multi-billion dollar businesses in their own right.

This morning, ACT made public a letter sent to European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. Dated April 28, 2023, it references the EC’s recommendation due to be published this week or, more accurately, the draft leaked to the media last month.

One Year Monitoring Period

Signed by 24 Members of the European Parliament, the letter is a follow-up to correspondence in March that called on the the Commission to “act decisively, efficiently and with the utmost priority against those who drain our creative economies.” Once again, a refusal to address the problem with urgent legislation is highlighted as a major concern.

“As previously outlined, we, together with many of our colleagues remain disappointed that the European Commission proposed a Recommendation despite unambiguous requests from the European Parliament for a legislative instrument,” the MEPs write.

“The only encouragement this house received from the European Commission can be found in the response from October 2022 which recognises that this issue should be tackled with urgency allowing for a solid and transparent monitoring system.”

The MEPs say they support the implementation of a monitoring period since producing performance data will incentivize “all the players in scope of the Recommendation” to act. What they cannot accept is that the suggested monitoring period, at least according to the leaked draft, is 36 months in duration.

“We took note from the press that a current draft of the Recommendation envisages a three-year review period. Such a lengthy timeframe will only benefit malicious actors to the detriment of our European creative and sports industries,” the MEPs warn.

“We strongly encourage the European Commission’s services under your authority to ensure that the final Recommendation – to be released in early May – includes a review period that is not longer than one year from publication.”

MEPs Ask EC President to Keep Promises

When the European Commission published its work program last October , it gave assurances that should the recommendation not generate “the desired effects in a timely manner,” further steps would be taken, “including by proposing new EU legislation addressing this significant problem.”

It’s unclear whether the leaked draft repeated or omitted that assurance but the MEPs insist that, for the avoidance of doubt, it needs to appear in the recommendation due for publication this week.

“Otherwise, our previous exchanges would be contradicted, Madam President, and the European Commission would demonstrate a lack of resolve in defending the rule of law in the European Union and delivering on the Commission’s commitment to ensure that what is illegal offline is illegal online,” the letter concludes.

The letter sent to EC President Ursula von der Leyen can be found here (pdf)

From: TF , for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.

In mid-January, the European Commission (EC) issued a call for evidence to support a proposed “toolbox” of measures to combat live sports piracy.

Rightsholders usually welcome support at the EU level with open arms, but in this case it only increased frustrations. Last October a huge coalition of rightsholders called on the EC to introduce new law that would compel intermediaries to take pirate streams offline within minutes of a complaint.

The EC refused and offered existing law as the solution. For rightsholders claiming to have exhausted its limits, that clearly wasn’t ideal.

More Evidence Needed

Over a period of several years, rightsholders have reported in fine detail the numerous challenges they face when it comes to tackling piracy of live sports. Dozens of reports spanning thousands of pages have left almost no stone unturned. The issue is comprehensively mapped, to say the least.

This January, the EC issued a call for evidence so that rightsholders and other stakeholders could detail their problems all over again. The aim was to find solutions to these well-documented problems under existing law, which rightsholders insist is inadequate.

Whether anyone learned anything substantially new from that process is unknown but having gone through the motions, the EC’s recommendation will be officially released early May. Perhaps fittingly given the topic, the EC’s report has already leaked online and according to reports, rightsholders are underwhelmed by the document, to put it mildly.

Leaked Report Delivers Disappointment

While it must be frustrating for the EC to see its report publicly rejected in advance of its release, one gets the impression that nobody really expected the EC to come up with anything groundbreaking, at least not on the scale demanded by rightsholders.

Euractiv says the recommendation focuses on the “effective handling of take-down requests, dynamic injunctions, and voluntary cooperation” but for rightsholders already engaged in all of these things and more, that advice seems unlikely to inspire.

An anonymous representative of the Live Content Coalition , which counts the Audiovisual Anti-Piracy Alliance (AAPA) and several other major video groups as members, kept things simple with claims of hollow promises and a failure to act.

“We have consistently been assured by the European Commission that ‘what is illegal offline is illegal online’, yet there appears to be no urgency to enforce the rule of law in the case of piracy, despite the blatant theft of highly valuable, proprietary content which is undeniably taking place,” the unnamed representative told Euractiv.

Commission Suggests and Encourages (But Doesn’t Insist)

On the understanding that all recommendations must exist in the current legal framework, one of the points in Euractiv’s summary is that hosting services will be “asked to collaborate with rightsholders, notably by engaging with trusted flaggers,” to take down pirate streams as quickly as possible. That raises interesting questions.

Firstly, new legislation denied by the EC would more likely than not attempt to hold these same hosting services more liable for their customers’ activities, a major negative for companies in that sector. Yet now, they’re expected to warm to the idea of collaborating with rightsholders voluntarily, including by putting technical solutions in place to speed up the notification process.

In an entirely commercial environment, that leads to the question of incentives. The law doesn’t require collaboration behind its limits and currently protects intermediaries from liability. Not only are these the same protections rightsholders wish to forcibly limit, there appears to be no obvious commercial benefit for service providers.

The biggest conundrum is that the really big players in the pirate streaming market know that rightsholders want to limit their business, but are struggling to do so. The entities providing pirate IPTV infrastructure are selected because they’re good at it and, for one reason or another, are difficult to disrupt and are unlikely to collaborate.

And then there’s this:

“Intermediary services, like web hosting services, that can identify and locate the pirated transmission of live events are encouraged to cooperate with hosting services and rightsholders to identify the source of unauthorized retransmissions and prevent it from popping up again in so-called mirror websites once it is shut down.”

It will be interesting to read the official text to which this relates, and also what type of hosting services the EC has in mind. There are lots of services online that have the ability to identify and locate pirate streams but getting that information from them usually requires a legal process. The idea that this information can be shared between companies voluntarily is bound to raise eyebrows, if indeed that’s what the text suggests.

Action at National Level

Blocking injunctions are common around Europe but for rightsholders, not common enough. The EC suggests that dynamic blocking orders, such as those already in place in the UK and Ireland, should be assessed for suitability in EU countries that don’t currently have them. Again, questions are raised.

If EU countries don’t already have blocking injunctions in place, that suggests that either rightsholders haven’t gone to court to obtain them, or perhaps some kind of obstacle exists locally that renders them overly problematic or costly, for example. How requests for cooperation from the EC can solve these issues quickly is unknown.

Voluntary Cooperation

The remainder of the suggested measures are really just that – suggestions. Intermediaries that aren’t targeted with an injunction could choose to take “voluntary measures ” to prevent illegal streaming of live events. Advertisers and payment services could ensure that don’t help to finance or facilitate piracy.

Such voluntary actions aren’t unheard of. Perhaps the most notable is Google’s commitment to deindex domains from search results when they appear in court orders, despite those court orders having nothing to do with Google. Fresh requests were filed by Brazil recently and more will surely follow.

The reasons for Google’s cooperation are unknown but it’s highly unlikely it felt a bit sorry for rightsholders and just wanted to help out. Directly or indirectly, whether today or in the future, cooperating will have made commercial sense. If other intermediaries feel it’s in their interests, anything is possible.

Other EC proposals include turning blocked sites into advertising platforms for legal services, encouraging governments to allocate more resources to law enforcement, training judges, and encouraging rightsholders to “increase the availability, affordability, and attractiveness of their commercial offers to end users across the Union.”

There are some who argue that if rightsholders want unprecedented assistance to protect their profits, improving affordability for the public should be mandatory. It isn’t though, and it never will be, no matter how much ‘encouragement takes place.

EUIPO Will Monitor and Report Back

Perhaps the most bitter pill for rightsholders is that they’re unlikely to see changes to the law for at least three years. EUIPO looks set to monitor progress and within 36 months of the recommendation’s adoption, the Commission will assess its effectiveness.

The Live Content Coalition told Euractiv that’s just not good enough.

“The suggestion that the effects of the recommendation be assessed three years after its adoption is completely at odds with the urgency of the situation,” the anonymous representative said.

In the meantime, Italy is reportedly ready to launch the most aggressive live stream IPTV blocking program the world has ever seen – actioned under existing EU law, no amendments needed.

From: TF , for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.

Following the example of the United States, the EU began publishing its very own piracy watchlist a few years ago.

The ‘Counterfeit and Piracy Watch List’ is compiled by the European Commission. As in the US, it relies on stakeholder groups to nominate several problematic sites and services for inclusion.

The third iteration of the EU watchlist, published a few days ago, provides an overview of some of the most problematic sites and services. The Commission stresses that the list doesn’t “have any legal effect” and is merely based on “allegations” from stakeholders. However, being mentioned leaves a mark nonetheless.

As in previous years, the EU Piracy Watch List includes a wide range of targets, including online marketplaces that are linked to counterfeiting. For this article, however, we will mainly focus on pirate sites and services.

Progress

The EU Commission starts with some positive news. Following the 2020 report, several of the mentioned pirate sites and services have disappeared.

Bookfi.net, for example, which later operated from 3lib.net, is no longer online. This latest domain name was targeted in the recent Z-library crackdown and currently displays a U.S. Government seizure banner.

The illegal IPTV service Electrotv-sat.com is no longer operating either and the same applies to cyberlocker Wi.to, and Youtubeconverter.io. The YouTube ripper was taken offline by Google through a WIPO domain name dispute

Usual Suspects and Newcomers

The European Commission’s latest Counterfeit and Piracy Watch List still includes plenty of targets, featuring many of the usual suspects. Torrent sites The Pirate Bay, Rarbg.to, Rutracker.org and 1337x.to are all mentioned, as they were two years ago.

The same is true for cyberlockers Uptobox.com and Rapidgator.net, stream rippers Y2mate.com and Savefrom.net, plus other pirate sites including Sci-Hub, Libgen and Seasonvar.ru.

The latest watch list also features several newcomers. These include YouTube downloader Snappea.com and the popular streaming portal Fmovies.to, both of which have millions of regular users.

In addition, the Commission has added more ‘problematic’ hosting companies that allegedly facilitate piracy, including DDoS-Guard, and piracy-supporting services such as 2embed.ru and Fembed.com.

Mega Problem

One of the newcomers that stands out is Mega, the file-hosting service originally founded by Kim Dotcom. Today, Dotcom is no longer involved with the platform and Mega itself aims to be a law-abiding company.

Unlike most pirate sites, Mega has a fully functional and transparent copyright takedown system.

During the first three-quarters of 2022, MEGA removed more than 1.7 million files, which is less than 0.001% of all files stored on the platform. Thousands of users also had their accounts suspended for repeat copyright infringements.

According to the EU report, however, a lack of upload filters and a recent Russian court decision still warrant its inclusion.

“The stakeholders report Mega for the lack of preventive measures to avoid uploads of infringing content. According to their information, in January 2022, ISPs in Russia were ordered to permanently block the site following music rightholders’ actions,” the Commission writes.

Mega Unhappy

Mega is not pleased to be highlighted among the most notorious pirate sites. Not least because the EU Commission reportedly never reached out to hear their side.

“The inclusion of Mega on the watchlist lacks legitimacy and we refute their findings,” Mega’s executive chairman Stephen Hall informs TorrentFreak.

“Unfortunately the Commission never contacted Mega for clarification or comment so they misunderstand Mega and misrepresent our operations. Mega had no opportunity to correct their misunderstandings.”

The company doesn’t believe that its service is a cyberlocker under the Commission’s own definitions . In addition, Mega stresses that it takes its copyright takedown responsibilities very seriously.

Finally, Hall informs us that the Russian court decision cited in the report deserves some nuance. That order was issued without hearing Mega, and was reversed after a successful appeal.

“The claims by Universal Music were based on two public links which had immediately been disabled, consistent with Mega’s published process for dealing with reported copyright claims,” Hall clarifies.

Notable ‘Disappearances’

We expect that Mega will keep a close eye on future submissions to make its position clear in advance. That might prevent its inclusion in the next watch list.

A similar position was experienced by Cloudflare. The Internet infrastructure company was featured in the first EU piracy watchlist in 2018 and responded with rebuttals. Since then, the company is no longer labeled a ‘notorious market’.

Other sites and services have also dropped off the list. For example, the popular file-sharing service 4shared is no longer mentioned, and the same is true for the messaging app Telegram. Why these were removed is not clear.

Most sites and services understandably want to avoid a listing but being mentioned doesn’t have direct consequences.

According to the EU Commission, the report mainly aims to encourage the operators and owners, as well as local governments and enforcement authorities, to take appropriate action to reduce online piracy.

—-

A copy of the European Commission’s third Counterfeit and Piracy Watch List is available here (pdf) . A list of all the online piracy targets and intermediaries can be found below.

Cyberlockers
– Mega.nz/.io
– Uptobox.com / Uptostream.com
– Rapidgator.net
– Uploaded.net (ul.to, uploaded.to)
– Dbree.org

Stream-Rippers
– Y2mate.com
– Savefrom.net /ssyoutube.com/sfrom.ne
– Flvto.biz and 2conv.com
– Snappea.com

Linking or referring websites
– Fmovies.to (and related domains)
– Seasonvar.ru
– Rlsbb.ru
– Rezka.ag

BitTorrent and P2P Sites
– ThePirateBay.org
– Rarbg.to
– Rutracker.org
– 1337x.to

Unlicensed download sites
– Music-Bazaar.com and Music-Bazaar.mobi
– Sci-hub.tw; sci-hub.cc; sci-hub.ac; sci-hub.bz and others
– Libgen.onl and mirror sites

Piracy Apps
– IPTV Smarters
– Ievpad.com
– Shabakaty

Hosting providers
– DDoS-Guard.net
– Private Layer
– “Amarutu”, also known as Koddos
– AS-Istqservers / Istqserverses (“Istq”)
– HostPalace Web Solution PVT LTD (“Host Palace”)

Unlicensed IPTV services
– BIPTV.best and BestBuyIPTV.store
– King365tv.com / Theking365tv.pro
– VolkaIPTV.com

Social media
– VK.com

Piracy Supporting Services
– 2embed.ru
– Fembed.com

From: TF , for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.

Rightsholders involved in the creation and distribution of live events say they are being undermined by massive online piracy. Illegal streams are immediately made available via websites and dedicated IPTV services on a scale that’s impossible to contain.

Earlier this month, over 100 rightsholders, organizations, and powerful media groups coordinated to demand action from the European Union via new law that would enable live streams to be taken down within minutes of detection and subsequent notification.

Groups and companies, including the MPA, UEFA, Premier League, beIN, LaLiga, Serie A, Sky, and BT Sport, were supported by less obvious participants such as the State Federation of Associations of Theatre and Dance, Danish Ensembles, Orchestras and Opera Institutions, even the London Marathon.

All insisted that without the weight of new European law behind them, progress against piracy would be limited.

End Live Piracy Now? European Commission Says ‘Not Yet’

The public ‘End Live Piracy Now’ campaign made headlines for a few days, but rightsholders had been putting pressure on the European Commission for some time.

Estimating annual revenue losses in their “billions” and the undermining of sustainability, they demanded commitment from the European Commission in the form of a legislative instrument, one that would guarantee the removal and/or blocking of live streams immediately following takedown notification.

“Any non-legislative instruments would be inadequate and insufficient to address the magnitude of the problem. Only a European wide regulation could provide an appropriate answer,” the coalition said.

Commission Work Program 2023

Given that at least one draft had been indexed by Google and made available for download up to a week earlier, the contents of the final Commission Work Program 2023 published this week probably came as no surprise to rightsholders.

Recommendation on piracy of live content (non-legislative, Q2 2023, responds to Article 225 TFEU resolution P9_TA(2021)0236 ‘Challenges of sports events organisers in the digital environment’)

Despite their calls for a legislative instrument, what rightsholders were given this week is a recommendation that is not legally binding. By their own definition, the response from the European Commission is both inadequate and insufficient.

Needless to say, the Live Content Coalition behind End Live Piracy Now is less than impressed, something made very clear in their public response.

Inadequate Solution Prompts Disappointment

The Live Content Coalition begins by welcoming the reference to their concerns in the Commission’s 2023 work program, but notes that since only “firm and decisive” measures can protect live content, the EC’s plan doesn’t come up to scratch.

“Despite a clear and unambiguous call from 112 organizations from across the full breadth of the EU’s cultural, creative and sports sectors, and from 107 Members of the European Parliament, the Commission has not included a legislative initiative to tackle live content piracy in its Work Programme for 2023,” the statement reads.

“As the Live Content Coalition, representing the organizers and distributors of live events across Europe, we welcome the reference to our concerns, but we are disappointed that those legitimate concerns are addressed through an inadequate non-legally binding recommendation.”

The details of how the rightsholders’ demands could be laid out in law are unclear, but directing legislation at those actually carrying out the infringement isn’t part of the plan. Instead of targeting pirates, the rightsholders want online intermediaries to shoulder the responsibility, most likely through the imposition of new liability for third-party content.

Instead, the Commission says it will follow up on the European Parliament resolution under article 225 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, by “offering a toolbox to fight the illegal streaming of live events, in particular sport events.”

The Commission Work Program 2023 and response can be found here and here

From: TF , for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.

After years of trying to contain the meteoric rise of illegal streaming sites and pirate IPTV services, rightsholders in Europe have seen enough.

In a call to action published today, more than 100 rightsholders, organizations, and powerful media groups threw down the gauntlet at the feet of the European Union, demanding immediate action to prevent piracy of all types of live events.

End Live Piracy Now

Given their experiences fighting illicit IPTV services over the past several years, it’s no surprise to see UEFA, Premier League, beIN, LaLiga, Serie A, Sky, and BT Sport among the campaign’s supporters. But the drive to ‘End Live Piracy Now’ is much broader than that.

The campaign has support from groups including the British Horseracing Authority, State Federation of Associations of Theatre and Dance, Danish Ensembles, Orchestras and Opera Institutions, through to the London Marathon, Cricket Australia and the Ryder Cup.

Of course, the usual suspects such as the MPA, Disney and the Audiovisual Anti-Piracy Alliance are signed up too, but they never appear in the same sentence as Swedish Performing Arts and the Association of Music Festivals.

So what’s the problem and what do they all want? And why is it so urgent?

Takedown Now, Removal Right Now, Block Right Now

In their big reveal today, the signatories call on the European Union to address piracy in general, but with a clear focus on piracy of live sports and similar entertainment events.

“Piracy has and continues to drain Europe’s creative and cultural ecosystems, sports and live performance sectors depriving workers and industries from billions in annual revenues and undermining the sustainability of an essential part of our social and economic fabric,” the call to action reads.

“We, the undersigned, call on the European Union to address the issue of piracy and particularly live content piracy. Piracy has and continues to drain Europe’s creative and cultural ecosystems, sports and live performance sectors depriving workers and industries from billions in annual revenues and undermining the sustainability of an essential part of our social and economic fabric.”

The groups are demanding that the European Commission delivers a legislative instrument to tackle live content piracy to show that there’s a firm commitment to address the problem with adequate measures. Specifically, they want a law that guarantees the removal and blocking of live streams immediately upon takedown notification, and before the live event itself terminates.

Stopping Live Piracy Helps Everyone

While no legislation is in a position to offer guarantees that something will or won’t happen, the signatories insist that they need effective tools if piracy networks are to be fought and ultimately disabled. This is important, and not only for live sports, they say.

Campaign supporters say that criminal networks incorporating a number of criminal operators are using piracy to launder gains from illegal activities. How dirty money is effectively laundered through yet more criminal activity isn’t addressed.

Nevertheless, ‘End Live Piracy Now’ says it’s Europe’s duty to protect and promote the creative and cultural workforce. It is also Europe’s responsibility to “preserve consumers from the risks tied to piracy.” These risks aren’t specifically detailed but in the months and weeks to come, it’s likely that malware will enter the equation, supported by a recent report generated by some of the companies taking part in this campaign.

“Any non-legislative instruments would be inadequate and insufficient to address the magnitude of the problem. Only a European wide regulation could provide an appropriate answer,” the coalition insists.

“We encourage the European Commission to act firmly and rapidly towards proposing such an instrument.”

Proposed Legislation Likely Targeted at Intermediaries

On September 7, stakeholders at an event at the European Parliament hosted by ACT , the Association of Commercial Television and Video on Demand Services in Europe, reportedly discussed the impact of live piracy.

It appears that the type of legislation being demanded (but yet not presented in public) will not target pirates directly. Instead, it will seek to apply maximum pressure to online intermediaries by increasing liability.

“The only effective tool is a legislative one. Non-legislative approaches allow intermediaries to continue to exploit existing ambiguities in the law and will not have the desired impact,” a brief from Geoffroy Didier MEP reads ( pdf ) .

Campaign Organized by Pearle

On September 19, Performing Arts Employers Associations League Europe (Pearle) called for interested parties to support the ‘End Live Piracy Now’ initiative by signing a pledge of support before October 1.

“The aim is to add a new European legislative instrument to protect online events from piracy to the 2023 work programme of the European Commission,” Pearle’s announcement reads.

Upon signing, organizations were encouraged to address pledges to their respective culture ministers and if they also expressed support for the campaign, Pearle said that they could be added to the list before it was sent to EC President Von der Leyen.

The call to action can be found here ( pdf ) and the signatories are listed below

A+E Networks EMEA
AEPO-ARTIS
AMC Networks International
Asociación clubes baloncesto
Asociaţia Română de Comunicaţii Audiovizuale
Association of Bulgarian Broadcasters
Association of Commercial Television and Video on Demand Services in Europe
Association of Danish ensembles, orchestras and opera institutions
Association of music festivals
Association of the Professional theatres in the Czech Republic
Association professionnelle des régies publicitaires TV et radio
Association Sygnał
ATP Media
Audiovisual Anti-Piracy Alliance
Australian Football League
beIN Sports
British Horseracing Authority
BT Sport
Bulgarian Association of employers in Culture
Canal+ Group
Central European Media Enterprises
Confindustria Radio Televisioni
Cricket Australia
Deutsche Fussball Liga
Deutscher Fussbal-Bund
Discovery+
Ekstraklasa
England and Wales Cricket Board
England Rugby
English Football League
Euroleague Basketball
European Arenas Association
European Professional Club Rugby
European Tour
Eurosport
Federation Equestre Internationale
Fédération Française de Rugby
Fédération Française de Tennis
Federazione per la Tutela delle Industrie dei Contenuti Audiovisivi e Multimediali
FIFA
Football DataCo
Global Cycling Network
Guinness Six Nations
Indian Premier League
International Cricket Council
International Netball Federation
International Paralympic Committee
International Tennis Federation
KIGEiT – Krajowa Izba Gospodarcza Elektroniki i Telekomunikacji
Ladies European Tour
LaLiga
Ligue de Football Professionnel
London Marathon
Mediapro
Mediaset España
Mediaset S.p.A.
Motion Picture Association EMEA
Moto GP
News Media Europe
Nova Broadcasting Group
Nova Greece (Wind)
Nova TV Croatia
NRL
Paramount
Pearle* Live Performance Europe
PGA Tour
Premier League
Premiership Rugby
Roland Garros Paris
Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews
Rugby AU
Rugby Football League
Rugby World Cup
Ryder Cup
Scottish Professional Football League
Scottish Rugby
Serie A
Sky plc
Speedway Great Britain
Sport Integrity Global Alliance
Sports Rights Owners Coalition
State Federation of Associations of Theatre and Dance production enterprises
Swedish Performing Arts
Syndicat national du spectacle musical et de variété
Tennis Australia
TF1
The British Golf Championship
The Championships Wimbledon
The European VOD Coalition
The Football Association
The Lawn Tennis Association
The Walt Disney Company
tvi
UEFA
UNI Global Union Europa – Media, Entertainment & Arts
Union Internationale des Cinémas
United Media
UTECA – Televisión Comercial en Abierto
VAUNET – Verband Privater Medien
Verband Österreichischer Privatsender
Viaplay Group
Vivacom
Warner Brothers Discovery Sports
Women’s Tennis Association
World Athletics
World Federation of Advertisers
World Snooker
ZPPM Lewiatan – Związek Pracodawców Prywatnych Mediów Lewiatan

Image credits: Pixabay ( anncapictures , mohamed_hassan )

From: TF , for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.