Enlarge (credit: Aurich Lawson | Getty Images)

After public outcry, General Motors has decided to stop sharing driving data from its connected cars with data brokers. Last week, news broke that customers enrolled in GM's OnStar Smart Driver app have had their data shared with LexisNexis and Verisk .

Those data brokers in turn shared the information with insurance companies, resulting in some drivers finding it much harder or more expensive to obtain insurance. To make matters much worse, customers allege they never signed up for OnStar Smart Driver in the first place, claiming the choice was made for them by salespeople during the car-buying process.

Now, in what feels like an all-too-rare win for privacy in the 21st century, that data-sharing deal is no more.

Enlarge (credit: Aurich Lawson | Getty Images)

Few Ars readers will have been surprised by the news from last week concerning General Motors' connected cars. As The New York Times reported , some owners of vehicles made by General Motors have been having a hard time getting car insurance. The reason? They unwittingly agreed to share their driving data with a third party. Now, at least one driver is suing . If more follow suit, this could be the push the industry needs to do better.

The heart of the problem is one of GM's OnStar connected-car services, called Smart Driver. We've tested it out in the past —it monitors things like how fast you drive, how hard you accelerate and brake, how often you drive at night, and your fuel economy, then uses that data to generate a numerical score from 0 to 100, with a higher number indicating that you're a safer driver.

These kinds of services can be useful—most people think they're great drivers until they start getting independent feedback. And the data that Smart Driver collects really can help you drive more economically and with less risk. But as I noted at the time, I was glad my insurance rates weren't at risk via data sharing with an insurer.

Enlarge / A 2024 Chevrolet Silverado EV WT at a pull-through charging stall located at a flagship Pilot and Flying J travel center, as part of the new coast-to-coast fast charging network. (credit: General Motors)

It's understandable if you're starting to experience AI fatigue; it feels like every week, there's another announcement of some company boasting about how an LLM chatbot will revolutionize everything—usually followed in short succession by news reports of how terribly wrong it's all gone . But it turns out that not every use of AI by an automaker is a public relations disaster. As it happens, General Motors has been using machine learning to help guide business decisions regarding where to install new DC fast chargers for electric vehicles.

GM's transformation into an EV-heavy company has not gone entirely smoothly thus far, but in 2022, it revealed that, together with the Pilot company, it was planning to deploy a network of 2,000 DC fast chargers at Flying J and Pilot travel centers around the US. But how to decide which locations?

"I think that the overarching theme is we're really looking for opportunities to simplify the lives of our customers, our employees, our dealers, and our suppliers," explained Jon Francis, GM's chief data and analytics officer. "And we see the positive effects of AI at scale, whether that's in the manufacturing part of the business, engineering, supply chain, customer experience—it really runs through threads through all of those.

Enlarge / This is the Voltec plug-in hybrid powertrain from GM. It combines an internal combustion engine with a lithium ion battery pack. Most of the time the motor charges the battery, but sometimes it's more efficient to let the motor send power to the front wheels instead. (credit: General Motors)

In 2020, General Motors went all-in on its Ultium battery platform and battery electric vehicles to meet future energy and pollution regulations. By that time, it had already killed the Chevrolet Volt and its highly efficient plug-in hybrid powertrain. Now, it's time to bring back the PHEV, according to GM CEO Mary Barra.

"Our forward plan includes bringing our plug-in hybrid technology to select vehicles in North America," Barra said during a call on Tuesday morning to announce GM's financial results for Q4 2023.

Despite US EV adoption growing by about 50 percent year over year in 2023, some analysts and automotive dealership groups have complained that BEVs are too difficult to sell. In November , this culminated with an open letter from several auto dealer groups to President Joe Biden, calling on him to slow down new fuel efficiency regulations that would require automakers to sell about four times as many BEVs to offset the emissions created by their internal combustion engine powertrains.

Enlarge / Anode and cathode "inks" are applied to carbon-fiber paper. (credit: GM/Honda)

BROWNSTOWN, Mich.—Today, a joint venture between General Motors and Honda Motor Company, named Fuel Cell System Manufacturing LLC (FCSM LLC), officially started producing its one and only product—a fuel cell system—on a commercial scale. FCSM officially began in January of 2017 with an initial investment between GM and Honda of $85,000,000. Now, the 70,000-square-foot (6,500 m2) facility in Brownstown, Michigan, houses 80 employees and enough robots, clean rooms, and all sorts of high-tech equipment to make Ironman blush.

FCSM managing to build fuel cells quickly, reliably, and cost effectively is what's new here, not the fuel cells themselves. And, according to Tetsuo Suzuki, vice president of FCSM LLC, that proved the biggest challenge. "Our fuel cell system consists of more than 300 individual cells [307 in total], each cell is composed of very expensive materials. If there is a defect in even one cell, the entire stack would be unusable," Suzuki said. "Therefore, we designed all of our mass production processes with a zero-defect mindset." Adding, "We introduced quality control into every process."

This is the assembly line. (credit: GM/Honda)

How to build a fuel cell

More specifically, each cell consists of several parts, starting with two different liquids that FCSM calls "inks." One ink forms an anode, the other, a cathode. FCSM then pours each liquid onto a carbon-fiber paper, which it then heats to dry. It then precisely cuts these two different papers into shape and bonds them together to form what it calls a unitized electrode assembly, or UEA; the cathode on one side, the anode on the other. Both of the anode and cathode sheets are black, but the cathode sheet is gloss, and the anode sheet is matte.

Enlarge / A GM Ultium battery pack like that found in the Lyriq. (credit: Santa Fabio for General Motors)

General Motors ended 2023 as the number one automaker in the United States, selling 2.6 million new vehicles during those 12 months. That's a 14.1 percent increase from its performance in 2022, and comfortably eclipses the 2.3 million cars that Toyota sold during the same period. It had a strong year in terms of electric vehicle sales too—up 93 percent year-on-year.

But a quick look at the data reveals a somewhat less rosy picture. Yes, it was a banner year for GM EVs, with 75,883 deliveries in 2023. But only because of the Chevrolet Bolt EV and Bolt EUV . Chevy delivered 62,045 Bolts in 2023, a 62.8 percent increase on the 38,120 Bolts it sold in 2022.

But as Ars has detailed in the past , the Bolt is no more. Production ended at the Orion Assembly plant in Michigan on December 18, and GM is laying off 945 workers at the plant as it retools the factory to make electric trucks like the Chevy Silverado EV and GMC Sierra EV .

Enlarge / The 2023 Cadillac Lyriq had an extremely good CarPlay implementation. But that's gone from GM EVs for MY2024 onward. (credit: Jonathan Gitlin)

Few things have improved the state of in-car infotainment more than the advent of the phone casting interfaces from Apple and Google. Apple CarPlay and Android Auto let you run navigation or audio apps on your phone and interact with them via the car's native infotainment screen , avoiding the need to handle your phone while driving.

That's why General Motors' decision to ditch CarPlay and Android Auto from new EVs from model year 2024 onward has been greeted with such dismay .

GM has rolled out a new infotainment platform across its new electric vehicles called Unifi. Built on the Android Automotive OS —not to be confused with the Android Auto phone casting system—a build we used in a model year 2023 Cadillac Lyriq featured the most complete implementation of CarPlay we've yet experienced, making GM's decision to ditch the systems even more frustrating.