The last time developer Christopher Boomer appeared on our radar was back in July 2022 when he attempted to unmask thousands of alleged copyright infringers using the DMCA subpoena process.

As the developer behind the Weightlifting Simulator series of games, among others, Boomer has enjoyed extraordinary success in the Roblox community. Billions of plays of the developer’s games are an endorsement of his work; for some, it’s also a signal to publish similar if not identical games, to generate revenue for themselves.

Boomer’s earlier attempt at using the DMCA subpoena process, to unmask potentially thousands of targets, failed Roblox weighed in . While it was clear that the developer had at least some genuine claims, a DMCA subpoena was the wrong mechanism to obtain alleged infringers’ identities.

New Lawsuit Filed in the United States

A new lawsuit filed in a California court this week faces no such obstacles. The complaint states that Boomer is the author of the massively popular Roblox games Weight Lifting Simulator (released in 2017/18) and a game with a similar theme called Muscles Legends (2019).

Key features of the games include a play area with weights, benches, treadmills, and other sundry objects. When the player interacts with these items their in-game character becomes larger and stronger in appearance, which leads to progression in the game.

Get Muscles Simulator

Released on the Roblox platform in January 2022, Get Muscles Simulator “appears to be based on the same idea and features the same underlying mechanics as Mr. Boomer’s Weightlifting Games,” the complaint notes.

In Weight Lifting Simulator , player avatars interact with in-game objects to increase attributes, and can also battle other avatars. The same gameplay mechanics also appear in Get Muscles Simulator but the complaint alleges that copying goes well beyond that.

“[T]he infringing game blatantly copies Mr. Boomer’s protectable expression, including, inter alia, its artwork, level design, animations, design aesthetics, game pieces, user interface and the selection and coordination of game elements, colors, and shapes.”

“Indeed, the presence of these elements in Defendant’s game makes it readily apparent that it is a blatant clone of Mr. Boomer’s game. As the non-exhaustive examples [above] show, the main elements of Defendant’s Get Muscles Simulator are substantially similar to the constituent elements of Mr. Boomer’s Weightlifting Games that are original.”

DMCA Counter-Notices Should Be Taken Seriously

As previously reported , a thriving and cut-price cottage industry has sprung up in recent years promising to remove infringing content from the internet using DMCA notices. The same operations also claim that if a client’s content is taken down, they will file DMCA counter-notices to ensure content is restored.

Unfortunately, many of these DIY operations have a cavalier attitude to counter-notices and few warn of the consequences when things go wrong. As this case shows, no matter who sends a counter-notice, they should be taken seriously.

Around January 24, 2024, Boomer submitted a DMCA takedown notice to Roblox with the aim of removing Get Muscles Simulator from the platform. Three days later, around January 27, the developer of the allegedly-infringing game responded with a DMCA counter-notice to Roblox.

A DMCA counter-notice allows those targeted by a DMCA takedown notice to challenge its validity and ask for the removed content to be restored. However, this also triggers a 14-day period in which the original complainant has an opportunity to sue to prevent restoration.

If no lawsuit is filed, the content should be restored between day 10 and day 14. In this case, Boomer sued.

Under Penalty of Perjury, Don’t Provide False Information

Counter-notices must contain an address where the sender can be reached and here, the counter-notice sender provided an address in Montana. According to Boomer’s complaint, that statement was false. In a second counter-notice, submitted around January 31, the developer of Get Muscles Simulator provided an address in California.

Whether that address is accurate is unclear, but other things also need to be taken into account.

Counter-notices require the sender to state, under penalty of perjury, that they have a good faith belief that their content should not have been taken down. In this case, Boomer’s lawsuit makes his position clear; Get Muscles Simulator is a blatant copy of his copyrighted game. The defendant will have to satisfy the court that simply isn’t true.

When submitting a counter-notice, senders are required to consent to the jurisdiction of a federal court in the district where they live. In this case, Boomer’s complaint states that there are no jurisdiction issues to consider because the defendant consented in writing to the jurisdiction of the court in the counter-notice submitted to Roblox.

Claim for Damages

The complaint notes that Get Muscles Simulator copies substantial original elements from Boomer’s game. It further alleges that the game’s developer, identified as Alexander Koshkin, is a deliberate and willful infringer, who generated unjust profits, gains, and advantages by competing against Boomer’s game hoping to “poach the market” for his weightlifting games.

Boomer requests a preliminary and/or permanent injunction to prevent further infringement, an award for damages, costs and attorney’s fees, interest, and a trial by jury.

The complaint is available here (pdf)

From: TF , for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.

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Earlier this month we reported on what initially appeared to be just another DMCA subpoena application to identify an alleged infringer.

The finer details are available here and relate to Christopher Boomer, the developer behind Roblox titles including Weight Lifting Simulator 2 and Muscle Legends. Boomer’s games have been viewed over two billion times but he claims to have a big piracy problem too.

According to Boomer’s legal team, other Roblox developers cloned Boomer’s games and are now enjoying tens of millions of downloads at their client’s expense. In an effort to bring this to an end, Boomer filed an application for a DMCA subpoena at a California court, hoping to compel Roblox to unmask the alleged infringers.

This could’ve been a relatively straightforward matter but the demands in the application went beyond reasonable into the realms of the absurd. Instead of targeting specific alleged infringers, it sought to identify hundreds of thousands of innocent gamers too.

Nevertheless, the clerk of the court signed the subpoena, and Boomer’s representatives optimistically served it on Roblox Corporation. Given the blunderbuss approach on display in the documents, that went exactly as expected.

Roblox Corporation Comprehensively Objects

In a notice of objections filed with the court late last week, Roblox begins by explaining that 10 days to produce the requested information is too short and “especially unreasonable” given that Boomer is attempting to obtain information on potentially hundreds of thousands of Roblox players, in addition to a small number of potentially infringing users.

Other than to prevent piracy, details on Boomer’s motivations to unmask so many Roblox users haven’t been made public. That being said, evidence of underlying disputes is not hard to find.

Comments posted on various Roblox communities suggest a conflict some time ago involving Roblox developers and various gaming groups. Who caused the dispute isn’t clear and most allegations lack obvious supporting evidence. One theme implies that one or more developers may have done work for which they were not compensated. Another suggests that events outside Roblox may have led to a developer’s Roblox account being banned.

Whatever the specifics, there’s no question that a dispute exists. Roblox Corporation does not directly address any such ‘gaming drama’ in its objections but does point out that DMCA subpoenas have one use and one use only – to deal with copyright matters, period. The company suggests that isn’t the case here.

“Roblox objects to the extent the requests seek information in connection with, or for the purpose of, pursuing matters unrelated to alleged copyright infringement, which is not permitted under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act’s subpoena provision 17 U.S.C. § 512(h) ,” Roblox says.

The company also complains that the subpoena demands access to documents that it either doesn’t possess or doesn’t have in its custody or control. However, Roblox says that if it does agree to hand over information, the company will perform a “reasonable search” to comply with its obligations.

Roblox Cites Recent Twitter Case on Anonymous Speakers

Boomer’s requests for information are split into three groups, the first relating to information held on people who posted allegedly infringing games to specific URLs. This might’ve been a more straightforward matter if the requests targeted alleged infringers, as required under DMCA subpoena rules. In this case, that didn’t happen.

Instead, the subpoena demands access to a spectrum of personal details, including IP and email addresses, phone numbers and more, in sufficient detail to identify all current and previous owners, operators, developers, and contributors to specific games. The response from Roblox suggests that a bigger battle may lie ahead.

Citing a recent DMCA subpoena case involving Twitter, which was thrown out by a judge after Twitter fought to protect a user’s right to anonymous speech, Roblox indicates that it too can do the same.

“Roblox objects to the request to unmask anonymous speakers without the provision of notice to the speakers so that they may address directly any potential concerns, First Amendment or otherwise,” Roblox informs the court, adding that the affected users have already been informed.

“Subject to and without waiving the foregoing objections, once users whose information is subject to this request have had a reasonable time to address the request, Roblox agrees to produce documents responsive to this request for any user who has not intervened in this matter, but only to the extent such information is within Roblox’s possession, custody, and/or control and is available in a producible format,” the company adds.

Hundreds of Thousands of Group Members

The second request in the DMCA subpoena requires Roblox to supply all of the personal data it holds on users who form part of certain gaming groups. Data published in our earlier article revealed that the request covers six Roblox groups containing at least 460,000 members.

The DMCA subpoena process places no limit on the number of people who can have their identities handed to rightsholders but certain standards must be met. Section 512(h)(3) of the DMCA provides for the disclosure of information “sufficient to identify the alleged infringer”, not information relating to anyone who may have simply been in the vicinity of an alleged infringement.

It’s fairly obvious that close to 460,000 users of these Roblox groups will be completely innocent of copyright infringement. The subpoena, on the other hand, attempts to draw in as many Roblox users as possible, regardless of wrongdoing, and without necessary supporting evidence.

“Roblox objects to this request as overbroad because it seeks a wide swath of user information that Petitioner has not established is relevant to any alleged copyright infringement, and thus the information requested does not qualify as discoverable subject matter,” Roblox writes.

Again, Roblox also objects to the request to unmask ‘anonymous speakers’ in this group and says that all of the users affected should be contacted so they can address any potential concerns.

Request #3 – Roblox Says No

The final demand in the subpoena requires Roblox to hand over the personal details of around 10 Roblox users who Boomer suspects of infringing his rights. The problem here is that DMCA subpoena applications need to be supported by documents showing that DMCA takedown notices were previously directed at the allegedly infringing content.

In respect of this set of ‘anonymous speakers’, that didn’t happen.

“Roblox objects to this request as overbroad because it seeks user information that Petitioner has not established is relevant to any alleged copyright infringement, and thus the information requested does not qualify as discoverable subject matter,” the company writes.

“Finally, to the extent information sought by this request is deemed discoverable pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 512(h), Roblox objects to the request to unmask anonymous speakers without the provision of notice to the speakers so that they may address directly any potential concerns, First Amendment or otherwise,” the company concludes.

Roblox Corporation’s Notice of Objections can be found here ( pdf )

From: TF , for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.