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Six years ago, the US Navy was sued for mass copyright infringement and accused of causing hundreds of millions of dollars in damages.

The lawsuit was filed by German company Bitmanagement . It wasn’t a typical piracy case where software was downloaded from shady sources, but the end result was the same.

It all started in 2011 when the US Navy began testing Bitmanagement’s 3D virtual reality application ‘BS Contact Geo’. The Navy subsequently installed the software across its network, assuming that it had permission to do so.

This turned out to be a crucial misunderstanding. Bitmanagement said it never authorized this type of use and when it discovered that the Navy had installed the software on hundreds of thousands of computers, the company took legal action.

Bitmanagement Wins Appeal

In a complaint filed at the United States Court of Federal Claims in 2016, the German company accused the US Navy of mass copyright infringement and demanded damages totaling hundreds of millions of dollars.

The Court initially dismissed the complaint so Bitmanagement appealed. Last year, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit sided with the German software company, concluding that the US Government was indeed liable .

The matter was reverted back to the Federal Claims court, to determine the appropriate damages amount through a ‘hypothetical negotiation’ process at a behind-closed-doors trial.

Millions or Thousands in Damages?

Over the past several months, the court heard both sides and a crucial expert witness. The goal was to establish what the Navy would have paid for the software licenses if an agreement had been reached.

The court also had to decide how many copies the Navy should pay compensation for. Bitmanagement claimed that over 600,000 copies were installed but the Court of Appeals specified that damages should be based on “actual usage” of the software.

To reach its final verdict the Federal Claims Court relied in part on testimony from the Navy’s expert witness, David Kennedy , who has vast experience with establishing damages claims.

After reviewing various log files, Mr. Kennedy concluded that the software was used by a few hundred unique users at most. In addition, he believes that it’s reasonable that Bitmanagement would have agreed to a price of up to $200 per license.

This figure is lower than the $370 per install that was negotiated earlier. However, the expert witness believes that this is warranted due to the large volume of the deal and the fact that the software company’s cash position was rather low at the time.

Court Awards $154,400

Federal Claims Court Judge Edward J. Damich largely agrees with this expert opinion. In his order, he awards $154,400 in total damages.

The damages figure is based on 635 unique users and a license fee of $200. The court also awards an additional $350 for each of the 100 simultaneous-use licenses the Navy would have agreed to.

Judge Damich notes that these conclusions are supported by “objective considerations”, adding that the damages amount is “fair and reasonable”.

Whether Bitmanagement agrees with this conclusion has yet to be seen. The company requested $155 million in damages, arguing that the Navy has installed 600,000 copies of its software, for which it should have paid ~$259 a piece.

The $154,400 in compensation represents a tiny fraction of the claim, even if we add an award for delayed compensation, which will be established later.

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A copy of the Federal Claims Court’s order, granting Bitmanagement $154,400 in copyright infringement damages is available here (pdf)

From: TF , for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.

The U.S. Government regularly goes after copyright-infringing companies and individuals, both domestically and abroad.

That doesn’t mean that there are no copyright issues within its own ranks.

Six years ago the US Navy was sued for mass copyright infringement by German software vendor Bitmanagement, which requested hundreds of millions of dollars in damages.

Software Company Sues US Navy

The lawsuit is not a typical piracy case in the sense that Navy officers downloaded software from shady sources, but the end result is the same.

It all started in 2011 when the US Navy began testing Bitmanagement’s 3D virtual reality application ‘BS Contact Geo’. After some testing, the Navy installed the software across its network, assuming that it had permission to do so.

This turned out to be a crucial misunderstanding. Bitmanagement said it had never authorized this type of use and when it heard that the Navy had installed the software on 558,466 computers, the company took legal action.

Bitmanagement Wins Appeal

At the United States Court of Federal Claims, the German company accused the US Navy of mass copyright infringement. The Court initially dismissed the complaint but Bitmanagement appealed, with success.

Last year, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit sided with the software company, concluding that the US Government is indeed liable .

This meant that the matter was referred back to the Federal Claims court, to determine the appropriate damages amount. This resulted in a legal back and forth and after a trial, held behind closed doors earlier this year, the case is about to reach its conclusion.

600,000 ‘Infringing’ Copies

Unfortunately, most of the legal paperwork is sealed. However, a redacted “post-trial” brief submitted by Bitmanagement a few days ago sheds some light on the main disagreements that remain.

According to the software vendor, the court’s task is fairly straightforward. It’s a simple calculation that should lead to a damages award of many millions of dollars. This is based on the installed copies and the price both parties would have reached in a ‘fictitious’ negotiation.

“Before the Court is a simple matter of arithmetic. The Court should determine that the Navy made 600,000 infringing copies of BS Contact Geo, and that the parties would have agreed to a price of $259 per copy, for a total of $155,400,000 in damages,” the company writes.

This negotiation, which never happened, includes a 30% volume discount. That is a reasonable percentage, Bitmanagement argues, as it’s based on an AutoCAD software deal that actually took place.

“The best estimate for this volume discount is 30%, based on a similarly large Department of Defense software purchase contract for AutoCAD, a computeraided design program that enables the creation of two- and three- dimensional drawings.”

579 ‘Infringing’ Copies

The U.S. Government’s official position is not public, but the plaintiff’s filing shows that they are aiming for a substantially lower damages amount. A few weeks ago the court opened the trial record to hear Mr. Kennedy, a Government witness whose testimony was previously excluded.

In Mr. Kennedy’s view, the hypothetical negotiation between the Navy and Bitmanagement would have resulted in a price of up to $200 per license for just 579 licenses. These would reflect the “actual uses” of BS Contact Geo instead of the number of installs.

This estimate would result in ‘just’ $115,000 in damages, which is a far cry from the $155,400,000 estimated by the German software vendor.

Needless to say, Bitmanagement disagrees. The company says that Mr. Kennedy’s testimony shouldn’t be part of the record and characterizes his approach to damages as legally improper and unreliable. However, since it’s on the record now, the Court will take it into consideration.

The post-trial brief lists a variety of reasons why the “actual uses” argument is not valid. For one, it is unclear how many copies the U.S. Navy actually used as Mr. Kennedy’s calculation is based on incomplete data.

In addition, Bitmanagement notes that the Court has previously made it clear that the royalty base must be linked to the number of copies the Navy made, not how often they were used.

Even without reading the Government’s official position, it is clear that the US Court of Federal Claims has quite an important decision to make. For a relatively small company such as Bitmanagement, it will be a history-defining decision.

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A copy of Bitmanagement’s post-trial brief is available here (pdf)

From: TF , for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.