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      Don’t despair about the climate. Be part of the social tipping point | Letters

      news.movim.eu / TheGuardian · 3 days ago - 16:17 · 1 minute

    A Guardian survey of leading climate scientists revealed their despair about the future. John Coghlan , Rachael Orr , Natalie Bennett, Dr Robin Russell-Jones and Gregory Johnson find reasons to keep on fighting

    I must commend the Guardian and Damian Carrington for the excellent reporting on the views of leading climate scientists ( ‘Hopeless and broken’ Why the world’s top climate scientists are in despair, 8 May ). I have experienced climate despair, which has led me to take part in non-violent protests, and I can certainly bear witness to the fact that this kind of collective action goes a long way to offset the despair. However, protest is not for everyone. There are other ways to play our part.

    We can help to accelerate the energy transition. Some 51% of final energy consumption is for heating and cooling, and 32% is for transport, according to the International Energy Agency , so we must ditch the old boiler and invest in a heat pump, and swap our petrol car for an electric model. By fitting solar panels, we can also generate renewable energy to power both transport and heating. Having done these things myself, I have found that the lightening of my carbon footprint brings with it a lightening of climate despair.

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      Vers une télépathie artificielle ? Des chercheurs décodent la parole interne

      news.movim.eu / Korben · 3 days ago - 12:30 · 4 minutes

    Vous avez déjà rêvé de communiquer par la pensée ? Eh bien, accrochez-vous à vos 2 neurones, car la télépathie pourrait bien devenir réalité plus vite que prévu ! En effet, des chercheurs de l’Institut de Technologie de Californie (Caltech) viennent de franchir une étape cruciale en créant un dispositif capable d’e lire et de traduire d’interpréter la petit voix qu’on a l’intérieur de la tête. Et oui, ils ont réussi à décoder les mots qui se baladent dans votre cerveau !

    Alors, comment ça marche ? Et bien les scientifiques ont recruté 2 personnes atteintes de lésions de la moelle épinière et leur ont implanté des électrodes dans le gyrus supramarginal (à vos souhaits), une région du cerveau impliquée dans la formation de la parole interne. Pendant 3 jours, les participants ont été entraînés à s’imaginer prononcer une série de six mots ( champ de bataille, cow-boy, python, cuillère, natation et téléphone ) et 2 termes absurdes ( nifzig et bindip ), pendant que leur activité cérébrale était enregistrée.

    Ensuite, les données ont été intégrées à un modèle informatique qui a essayé de décoder et d’interpréter les signaux cérébraux des participants lorsqu’ils pensaient à ces mots. Et devinez quoi ? Ça a marché ! Le modèle a réussi à prédire la parole interne du premier sujet avec une précision de 79% et celle du deuxième avec une précision de 23% . Bon, ok, ce n’est pas parfait, mais c’est un début prometteur !

    a) Diagramme de l’algorithme de décodage. Premièrement, l’activité neuronale (franchissements de seuils multi-unités et puissance de la bande de spikes) est segmentée temporellement et lissée sur chaque électrode. Deuxièmement, un RNN convertit une série temporelle de cette activité neuronale en une série temporelle de probabilités pour chaque phonème (plus la probabilité d’un jeton de « silence » entre les mots et d’un jeton « vide » associé à la procédure de formation de classification temporelle connexionniste). Le RNN est une architecture à cinq couches d’unités récurrentes à portes, entraînée avec TensorFlow 2. Enfin, les probabilités des phonèmes sont combinées avec un modèle linguistique à large vocabulaire (un modèle trigramme personnalisé de 125 000 mots implémenté dans Kaldi) pour décoder la phrase la plus probable. Les phonèmes dans ce diagramme sont notés en utilisant l’Alphabet Phonétique International.
    b) Les cercles ouverts indiquent les taux d’erreur de mots pour deux modes de parole (vocalisé versus silencieux) et différentes tailles de vocabulaire (50 versus 125 000 mots). Les taux d’erreur de mots ont été agrégés sur 80 essais par jour pour le vocabulaire de 125 000 mots et 50 essais par jour pour le vocabulaire de 50 mots. Les lignes verticales indiquent les intervalles de confiance (IC) à 95 %.
    c) Même chose que dans b, mais pour le taux de parole (mots par minute).
    d) Un essai d’exemple en boucle fermée démontrant la capacité du RNN à décoder des séquences sensées de phonèmes (représentées en notation ARPABET) sans modèle linguistique. Les phonèmes sont décalés verticalement pour lisibilité, et ‘’ indique le jeton de silence (que le RNN a été entraîné à produire à la fin de tous les mots). La séquence de phonèmes a été générée en prenant les phonèmes à probabilité maximale à chaque étape temporelle. Notez que les erreurs de décodage de phonèmes sont souvent corrigées par le modèle linguistique, qui infère toujours le mot correct. Les phonèmes et mots incorrectement décodés sont indiqués en rouge.

    Les chercheurs ont ainsi confirmé que le gyrus supramarginal joue un rôle clé dans la production de la parole interne. Mais il reste encore beaucoup à découvrir sur le fonctionnement de nos cerveaux dans ce domaine. On est encore loin de pouvoir utiliser cette technologie pour permettre à des personnes privées de communication, comme celles atteintes du syndrome d’enfermement , de s’exprimer efficacement. Mais ça ouvre déjà des perspectives médicales et technologiques impressionnantes ! 🚀

    Bientôt, on pourra peut-être carrément faire communiquer nos cerveaux à distance grâce à ce genre d’interfaces ! Plus besoin de parler ou d’écrire, il suffira de penser très fort « Hé mec, tu me passes le sel ? » pour que votre ami vous envoie la salière par télépathie. Bon, j’exagère un peu, mais avouez que ça serait quand même super cool !

    Et ce n’est qu’un début. Les chercheurs planchent déjà sur des améliorations de leur système. Ils espèrent notamment réussir à distinguer les lettres individuelles de l’alphabet. Une sorte de T9 cérébral pour écrire des SMS par la pensée, vous imaginez ?

    Bien sûr, tout cela soulève aussi des questions éthiques sur la vie privée et le contrôle de nos pensées et aç signe probablement l’arrêt de mort prochain de votre couple ^^. Mais en attendant, on ne peut que s’émerveiller devant ces avancées qui nous rapprochent un peu plus de la science-fiction. Qui sait, peut-être qu’un jour, on n’aura même plus besoin de se parler pour se comprendre ?

    Si vous voulez en savoir plus sur cette étude fascinante, je vous invite à consulter l’article original publié dans Nature Medicine 📖

    Allez, maintenant je vais penser à un truc très fort dans ma tête et vous allez devoir le deviner…

    **** gniiiiiii ****

    Alors ? Bravo, vous avez trouvé !

    Source

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      Earth-sized planet spotted orbiting small star with 100 times sun’s lifespan

      news.movim.eu / TheGuardian · 3 days ago - 09:36


    Speculoos-3b, 55 light years away, is only second planetary system to be found around an ultra-cool red dwarf

    Astronomers have discovered a new Earth-sized planet orbiting a small, cool star that is expected to shine for 100 times longer than the sun.

    The rocky world, called Speculoos-3b, is 55 light years from Earth and was detected as it passed in front of its host star, an ultra-cool red dwarf that is half as hot as the sun and 100 times less luminous.

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      Weight loss from Wegovy sustained for up to four years, trial shows

      news.movim.eu / ArsTechnica · 4 days ago - 23:04

    Wegovy is an injectable prescription weight loss medicine that has helped people with obesity.

    Enlarge / Wegovy is an injectable prescription weight loss medicine that has helped people with obesity. (credit: Getty | Michael Siluk )

    A large, long-term trial of the weight-loss medication Wegovy (semaglutide) found that people tended to lose weight over the first 65 weeks on the drug—about one year and three months—but then hit a plateau or "set point." But that early weight loss was generally maintained for up to four years while people continued taking the weekly injections.

    The findings, published Monday in Nature Medicine , come from a fresh analysis of data from the SELECT trial, which was designed to look at the drug's effects on cardiovascular health. The trial—a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trail—specifically enrolled people with existing cardiovascular disease who also had overweight or obesity, but did not have diabetes. In all, the trial included 17,604 people from 41 countries. Seventy-two percent of them were male, 84 percent were white, and the average age was about 62 years old.

    Last year, researchers published the trial's primary results , which showed that semaglutide reduced participants' risk of heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular-related deaths by 20 percent over the span of a little over three years.

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      One bad rumour can affect how children view each other, study finds

      news.movim.eu / TheGuardian · 4 days ago - 23:01


    Seven-year-olds trusted good gossip if it came from multiple sources but the bad only had to be heard once

    In the ruthless world of the primary school playground, one bad rumour is enough to make children wary of another, new research suggests.

    Psychologists who studied gossip in seven-year-olds found that the children trusted good rumours when they came from several sources, but could be swayed by bad rumours they heard only once.

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      2023 temperatures were warmest we’ve seen for at least 2,000 years

      news.movim.eu / ArsTechnica · 4 days ago - 20:17 · 1 minute

    Two graphs, the first having a roughly hockey-stick shape, with elevated points at the far right, and the second showing a large bell curve of typical temperatures, with warm outliers all being the past few years.

    Enlarge / Top: a look through the past 2,000 years of summertime temperatures, showing that 2023 is considerably warmer than anything earlier. Bottom: a bell curve of the typical temperatures, showing that the hot outliers are all recent years. (credit: Esper, Torbenson, and Büntgen)

    Starting in June of last year, global temperatures went from very hot to extreme. Every single month since June, the globe has experienced the hottest temperatures for that month on record—that's 11 months in a row now, enough to ensure that 2023 was the hottest year on record, and 2024 will likely be similarly extreme.

    There's been nothing like this in the temperature record, and it acts as an unmistakable indication of human-driven warming. But how unusual is that warming compared to what nature has thrown at us in the past? While it's not possible to provide a comprehensive answer to that question, three European researchers (Jan Esper, Max Torbenson, and Ulf Büntgen) have provided a partial answer: the Northern Hemisphere hasn't seen anything like this in over 2,000 years.

    Tracking past temperatures

    Current temperature records are based on a global network of data-gathering hardware. But, as you move back in time, gaps in that network go from rare to ever more common. Moving backwards from 1900, the network shrinks to just a few dozen land-based thermometers, almost all of them in Europe.

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      Boeing is troubleshooting a small helium leak on the Starliner spacecraft

      news.movim.eu / ArsTechnica · 4 days ago - 19:47

    A view looking down at Boeing's Starliner spacecraft and United Launch Alliance's Atlas V rocket inside the Vertical Integration Facility at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida.

    Enlarge / A view looking down at Boeing's Starliner spacecraft and United Launch Alliance's Atlas V rocket inside the Vertical Integration Facility at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida. (credit: United Launch Alliance )

    Boeing is taking a few extra days to resolve a small helium leak on the Starliner spacecraft slated to ferry two NASA astronauts on a test flight to the International Space Station, officials said Tuesday.

    This means the first crew launch of Boeing's Starliner spacecraft, running years behind schedule and more than $1.4 billion over budget, won't happen before next Tuesday, May 21, at 4:43 pm EDT (20:43 UTC). Meeting this schedule assumes engineers can get comfortable with the helium leak. Officials from Boeing and NASA, which manages Boeing's multibillion-dollar Starliner commercial crew contract, previously targeted Friday, May 17, for the spacecraft's first launch with astronauts onboard.

    Boeing's ground team traced the leak to a flange on a single reaction control system thruster on the spacecraft's service module.

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      Anti-pasteurization crowd reaffirms love of raw milk despite bird flu outbreak

      news.movim.eu / ArsTechnica · 5 days ago - 22:58 · 1 minute

    A glass of fresh raw milk in the hand of a farmer.

    Enlarge / A glass of fresh raw milk in the hand of a farmer. (credit: Getty | Pierre Crom )

    To drink raw milk at any time is to flirt with dangerous germs. But, amid an unprecedented outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in US dairy cows, the risks have ratcheted up considerably. Health experts have stepped up warnings against drinking raw milk during the outbreak, the scope of which is still unknown.

    Yet, raw milk enthusiasts are undaunted by the heightened risk. The California-based Raw Milk Institute called the warnings " clearly fearmongering ." The institute's founder, Mark McAfee, told the Los Angeles Times this weekend that his customers are, in fact, specifically requesting raw milk from H5N1-infected cows . According to McAfee, his customers believe, without evidence, that directly drinking high levels of the avian influenza virus will give them immunity to the deadly pathogen.

    Expert Michael Payne told the LA Times that the idea amounts to "playing Russian roulette with your health." Payne, a researcher and dairy outreach coordinator at the Western Institute for Food Safety and Security at UC Davis, added that "Deliberately trying to infect yourself with a known pathogen flies in the face of all medical knowledge and common sense."

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      Air Force is “growing concerned” about the pace of Vulcan rocket launches

      news.movim.eu / ArsTechnica · 5 days ago - 22:41

    The business end of the Vulcan rocket performed flawlessly during its debut launch in January 2024.

    Enlarge / The business end of the Vulcan rocket performed flawlessly during its debut launch in January 2024. (credit: United Launch Alliance)

    It has been nearly four years since the US Air Force made its selections for companies to launch military payloads during the mid-2020s. The military chose United Launch Alliance, and its Vulcan rocket, to launch 60 percent of these missions; and it chose SpaceX, with the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy boosters, to launch 40 percent.

    Although the large Vulcan rocket was still in development at the time, it was expected to take flight within the next year or so. Upon making the award, an Air Force official said the military believed Vulcan would soon be ready to take flight. United Launch Alliance was developing the Vulcan rocket in order to no longer be reliant on RD-180 engines that are built in Russia and used by its Atlas V rocket.

    "I am very confident with the selection that we have made today," William Roper, assistant secretary of the Air Force for acquisition, technology, and logistics, said at the time . "We have a very low-risk path to get off the RD-180 engines."

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