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      Alternative ai mai troppo odiati social grossi

      Arcano · Tuesday, 9 July - 17:02 edit · 5 minutes

    I soliti noti fanno capo a Facebook, generalmente, anche se si è rifatto il trucco finendo sotto l'ombrello di Meta. Sempre di Facebook parliamo, con tutte le brutture e le storture che ciò comporta.
    Si è parlato a sufficienza e oltre del monopolio di fatto, della vendita dei dati degli utenti, della devastazione del concetto di privacy, della capacità appurata di condizionare elezioni e peggiorare l'umanità, quindi non è il caso di insistere ulteriormente: chi aveva intenzione di abbandonare quella nave, l'ha già fatto; quelli a cui non importa niente, invece, di sicuro non staranno qua a leggere.

    Passiamo, quindi, alle alternative solitamente (sempre?) FOSS, quelle da me provate. Possibile che non ricadano in quella definizione, ma non so districarmi in quello che può diventare un ginepraio, ovvero le licenze del software open. Di sicuro, il codice sorgente dovrebbe essere aperto. Parte dei nomi che leggerete rientra nel Fediverso, (seguite il link per visualizzare anche le offerte saltate in questo articolo), mondo social alternativo che ingloba diversi progetti uniti dalla stessa filosofia.

    Alternativa a Twitter: Mastodon.
    Quindi: una versione aperta di Twitter, microblogging, 500 caratteri a post, qui chiamato toot. La differenza principale è nella mancanza di un algoritmo che si occupi di fornirci i risultati ritenuti rilevanti per noi, fino a lavarci il cervello e trascinarci nel baratro del doomscrolling: in Mastodon, c'è un semplice ordine cronologico, tutti i toot sono uguali e non ce ne sono di più uguali degli altri.
    L'altra differenza sostanziale è nella decentralizzazione, concetto alla base di molte alternative ai social grossi: non esistono molteplici server facenti capo tutti a una singola entità, bensi diverse istanze, ciascuna con le sue regole e i suoi termini di servizio, in grado di comunicare tra loro. Il modello, in breve, è quello dell'email: tutti i domini/provider possono scambiarsi messaggi con lo stesso protocollo e l'utente necessita di un solo account.
    Chiunque abbia conoscenze, un server personale (anche una macchina virtuale in cloud) e un dominio da associare, può metter su la propria istanza e federarla. Non è detto che un'istanza sia connessa a tutte le altre: ne esistono di problematiche, quindi l'interconnessione non è automatica e data per scontata.
    Le regole, come detto, sono dettate dai proprietari/gestori del server; c'è solitamente un tema, una direzione di fondo e, istanze problematiche a parte (tenute spesso fuori dal giro), non c'è un gran lavoro per i moderatori, tutti umani, e la timeline non è un dissing infinito o una royal rumble, come per Twitter. Ho due account su due istanze, non ho mai visto gente litigare sul serio.

    Mastodon offre tre timeline: una col feed degli account seguiti, una relativa all'intera istanza e l'ultima comprensiva dell'intera federazione. L'interfaccia può essere simile a quella di Twitter, a singola colonna, o divisa in più colonne, come per Twitterdeck.
    Si possono allegare fino a 4 immagini, incorporare video e link, aggiungere tag. Un indirizzo email valido è necessario per l'iscrizione, i dati personali restano all'interno del server ed è possibile chiederne la migrazione da un'istanza all'altra. Tutto ciò che viene postato, quindi anche i messaggi diretti, è potenzialmente leggibile del gestore del server (credo, e potrebbe essere un problema per voi); è possibile impostare la cancellazione automatica dei propri post dopo un certo periodo di tempo, si possono silenziare e bloccare utenti, tag e parole specifiche. Esistono delle app per Android/IOS, forse ancora un poco acerbe (scrivo nell'autunno del 2022).

    Alternative a Messenger (e Discord, probabilmente): Matrix, XMPP eIRC.
    Matrix è una via di mezzo tra IRC e Discord, più dalle parti di quest'ultimo. La vera alternativa FOSS a Discord, comunque, è Revolt, che non ho mai provato. Matrix permette la chat di gruppo anche criptata, i messaggi privati, tiene una cronologia a differenza di IRC, in cui l'assenza nativa di tale funzione credo sia mitigata da eventuali log.
    Come Discord, permette la trasmissione di audio e video.
    Esistono diversi client, desktop e mobile, il più usato è Element.

    XMPP lo abbiamo incontrato tutti, anche inconsapevolmente. Il protocollo libero vive e lotta con noi ormai dal 1999, dopo esser nato come Jabber nel 1998. Attualmente è usato, in un modo o nell'altro, da nomi quali Google, Whatsapp, Zoom, Messenger, Nintendo Switch, Fortnite, League of Legends e altri ancora.
    Per i più vecchi (quindi i miei coetanei), il primo incontro con XMPP è stato favorito dalla possibilità, offerta da Pidgin, di inglobare più servizi di messaggistica in un solo client: era possibile, infatti, aggiungere manualmente servizi quali la chat di Google o quella di Facebook, evitando di utilizzare le loro pagine. Dava un discreto senso di potenza, non so sia ancora possibile.
    XMPP, pur permettendo la trasmissione di audio e video, nell'immaginario popolare resta qualcosa di più simile a ICQ, quindi un sistema per la chat diretta tra contatti. Nel mio immaginario, almeno.
    In ambito desktop, il client più blasonato probabilmente è Gajim, uno tra quelli in grado di offrire la cifratura OMEMO, che sembra una cosa complicata.

    Matrix e XMPP condividono diverse caratteristiche, tra le quali la cifratura e la possibilità di registrarsi solo con nome utente e password, senza dover obbligatoriamente ricorrere a email o numero di telefono; tuttavia, è possibile accedere ai metadati dei messaggi, quindi tenetene conto se per voi anonimato totale e privacy sono prioritari. Se usate Discord, Messenger e Whatsapp, potete fare il salto in qualsiasi momento, figuriamoci.

    IRC, che dire: se gironzolate in rete da un quarto di secolo o giù di lì, l'avete usato di sicuro. Una schermatona bianca di Mirc, due o tre canali aperti per condividere i nostri interessi con altri appassionati. Tutta la discussione durava esattamente quanto si restava connessi, non c'era un prima e neanche un dopo. IRC è come parlare in piazza, ad alta voce, senza che sia richiesta una cerimonia di iniziazione per entrare nella discussione. Uso il presente perché il protocollo è ancora vivo, anche se il bacino di utenza si è enormemente ristretto.
    Tra i client, ancora vivo lo storico Mirc, che era shareware e tale è rimasto; come alternativa free, Hexchat è una possibilità, l'unica che abbia provato. Il feeling, primordiale, è quello: peccato aver scambiato giusto una decina di righe con un altro utente, solo per fare un salto nel passato. Dubito i miei interessi possano giustificare l'esistenza di canali attivi e la gente, tanto, sta su Discord.

    Discorso privacy: nel XX secolo praticamente non ci si badava e dubito che tale protocollo sia nato con in mente privacy, anonimato e tutto quanto. Nel dubbio, personalmente considero la chat in IRC l'equivalente di una chiacchierata ad alta voce in un bar di vecchi, nella piazza più popolata del paese.

    Basta chattare, ora Pixelfed: una versione pulita di Instagram, prima che si mettesse a rincorrere TikTok, con le caratteristiche già apprezzate in Mastodon e compagni del Fediverso. Niente pubblicità, niente algoritmi, nessun mercato dei dati, interoperabilità tra istanze.

    Chiudiamo con l'alternativa ai blog: Writefreely, uno spazio per la scrittura molto minimale. Anche questo, come Matrix e XMPP, non fa parte del Fediverso, ma la filosofia è quella che hai imparato a conoscere (dico a te, lettore solitario, se esisti e sei arrivato fin qui).

    Fine. Se volete fare un salto nel passato, se avete paura degli spazi aperti e della folla, esistono diverse alternative.

    #internet #social

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      Au programme du RN : #xénophobie et affaiblissement des protections collectives

      Mathias Poujol-Rost ✅ · Thursday, 13 June - 12:48 edit

    https://upload.movim.eu/files/932f3ec89d91ccc293caf66588c2f8baec5cb7d5/pdmaVHPLDTdq/Screenshot_2024-06-13_at_14-47-39_Au_programme_du_RN_x%C3%A9nophobie_et_affaiblissement_des_protections_collectives.png.jpg

    Les orientations politiques du RN sur le #social présentent deux caractéristiques qui accélèrent la politique de déconstruction de la protection sociale et des s#ervices publics menée ces dernières années par les gouvernements successifs sous l’ère Macron :

    1. le dé-financement de la #protection sociale et des services publics,
    2. la mise en œuvre d’une politique #xénophobe d’exclusion des droits sociaux.

    #RN #FN #RassemblementNational #FrontNational

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      pubsub.blastersklan.com / slashdot · Sunday, 5 May - 20:43 edit · 3 minutes

    "What if the big tech companies achieved their ultimate business goal — maximizing engagement on their platforms — in a way that has undermined our ability to function as an open society?" That's the question being asked by Chuck Todd, chief political analyst for NBC News: What if they realized that when folks agree on a solution to a problem, they are most likely to log off a site or move on? It sure looks like the people at these major data-hoarding companies have optimized their algorithms to do just that. As a new book argues, Big Tech appears to have perfected a model that has created rhetorical paralysis. Using our own data against us to create dopamine triggers, tech platforms have created "a state of perpetual disagreement across the divide and a concurrent state of perpetual agreement within each side," authors Frank McCourt and Michael Casey write, adding: "Once this uneasy state of divisive 'equilibrium' is established, it creates profit-making opportunities for the platforms to generate revenue from advertisers who prize the sticky highly engaged audiences it generates." In their new book, "Our Biggest Fight," McCourt (a longtime businessman and onetime owner of the Los Angeles Dodgers) and Casey are attempting a call to action akin to Thomas Paine's 18th century-era "Common Sense." The book argues that "we must act now to embed the core values of a free, democratic society in the internet of tomorrow." The authors believe many of the current ills in society can be traced to how the internet works. "Information is the lifeblood of any society, and our three-decade-old digital system for distributing it is fatally corrupt at its heart," they write. "It has failed to function as a trusted, neutral exchange of facts and ideas and has therefore catastrophically hindered our ability to gather respectfully to debate, to compromise and to hash out solutions.... Everything, ultimately, comes down to our ability to communicate openly and truthfully with one another. We have lost that ability — thanks to how the internet has evolved away from its open, decentralized ideals...." Ultimately, what the authors are imagining is a new internet that essentially flips the user agreement 180 degrees, so that a tech company has to agree to your terms and conditions to use your data and has to seek your permission (perhaps with compensation) to access your entire social map of whom and what you engage with on the internet. Most important, under such an arrangement, these companies couldn't prevent you from using their services if you refused to let them have your data... Unlike most anti-Big Tech books, this one isn't calling for the breakup of companies like Meta, Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft or Apple. Instead, it's calling for a new set of laws that protect data so none of those companies gets to own it, either specifically or in the aggregate... The authors seem mindful that this Congress or a new one isn't going to act unless the public demands action. And people may not demand this change in our relationship with tech if they don't have an alternative to point to. That's why McCourt, through an organization he founded called Project Liberty, is trying to build our new internet with new protocols that make individual data management a lot easier and second nature. (If you want to understand the tech behind this new internet more, read the book!) Wait, there's more. The article adds that the authors "envision an internet where all apps and the algorithms that power them are open source and can be audited at will. They believe that simply preventing these private companies from owning and mapping our data will deprive them of the manipulative marketing and behavioral tactics they've used to derive their own power and fortunes at the expense of democracy." And the NBC News analyst seems to agree. "For whatever reason, despite our societal fear of government databases and government surveillance, we've basically handed our entire personas to the techies of Silicon Valley."

    Read more of this story at Slashdot.

    Could Better Data Protections Reduce Big Tech's Polarizing Power?
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      pubsub.blastersklan.com / slashdot · Sunday, 5 May - 16:03 edit · 1 minute

    The blog Its FOSS has 15,000 followers for its Mastodon account — which they think is causing problems: When you share a link on Mastodon, a link preview is generated for it, right? With Mastodon being a federated platform (a part of the Fediverse), the request to generate a link preview is not generated by just one Mastodon instance. There are many instances connected to it who also initiate requests for the content almost immediately. And, this "fediverse effect" increases the load on the website's server in a big way. Sure, some websites may not get overwhelmed with the requests, but Mastodon does generate numerous hits, increasing the load on the server. Especially, if the link reaches a profile with more followers (and a broader network of instances)... We tried it on our Mastodon profile, and every time we shared a link, we were able to successfully make our website unresponsive or slow to load. Slashdot reader nunojsilva is skeptical that "blurbs with a thumbnail and description" could create the issue (rather than, say, poorly-optimized web content). But the It's Foss blog says they found three GitHub issues about the same problem — one from 2017, and two more from 2023. And other blogs also reported the same issue over a year ago — including software developer Michael Nordmeyer and legendary Netscape programmer Jamie Zawinski. And back in 2022, security engineer Chris Partridge wrote: [A] single roughly ~3KB POST to Mastodon caused servers to pull a bit of HTML and... an image. In total, 114.7 MB of data was requested from my site in just under five minutes — making for a traffic amplification of 36704:1. [Not counting the image.] Its Foss reports Mastodon's official position that the issue has been "moved as a milestone for a future 4.4.0 release. As things stand now, the 4.4.0 release could take a year or more (who knows?)." They also state their opinion that the issue "should have been prioritized for a faster fix... Don't you think as a community-powered, open-source project, it should be possible to attend to a long-standing bug, as serious as this one?"

    Read more of this story at Slashdot.

    Is Mastodon's Link-Previewing Overloading Servers?
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      pubsub.blastersklan.com / slashdot · Sunday, 28 April - 03:48 edit · 1 minute

    What happened after India banned TikTok? The move "mostly drew widespread support" notes the Associated Press, in a country "where protesters had been calling for a boycott of Chinese goods since the deadly confrontation in the remote Karakoram mountain border region." "There was a clamour leading up to this, and the popular narrative was how can we allow Chinese companies to do business in India when we're in the middle of a military standoff," said Nikhil Pahwa, a digital policy expert and founder of tech website MediaNama. Just months before the ban, India had also restricted investment from Chinese companies, Pahwa added. "TikTok wasn't a one-off case. Today, India has banned over 500 Chinese apps to date." At the time, India had about 200 million TikTok users. And the company also employed thousands of Indians. TikTok users and content creators, however, needed a place to go — and the ban provided a multi-billion dollar opportunity to snatch up a big market. Within months, Google rolled out YouTube Shorts and Instagram pushed out its Reels feature. Both mimicked the short-form video creation that TikTok had excelled at. "And they ended up capturing most of the market that TikTok had vacated," said Pahwa. TikTok is also banned in Nepal and Somalia, according to Mashable, and the Associaterd Press adds that it's now also banned in Pakistan, Nepal and Afghanistan "and restricted in many countries in Europe." Their article concludes that "for the most part, content creators and users in the four years since the ban have moved on to other platforms." They quote one frequent TikTok user as saying they just switched to Instagram after the ban, and "It wasn't really a big deal."

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    What Happened After India Banned TikTok?
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      pubsub.blastersklan.com / slashdot · Sunday, 21 April - 02:38 edit · 1 minute

    The U.S. House of Representatives just passed its long-delayed Ukraine aid bill. But along with it they also approved a bill banning TikTok "if its Chinese owner does not sell the video app," according to NPR: While lawmakers in the House advanced a similar bill last month, this effort is different for two reasons: It is attached to a sweeping foreign aid bill providing support for Ukraine and Israel. And it addresses concerns from some members of the Senate by extending the deadline for TikTok to find a buyer. President Biden supports the effort. That means TikTok being forced to sell, or face a possible ban, is on the fast-track to becoming law. It would mark the first time ever the U.S. government has passed a law that could shut down an entire social media platform, setting the stage for what is expected to be a protracted legal battle... TikTok says it has built a firewall between its headquarters in Los Angeles and its parent company in Beijing, but some reports indicate U.S. user data does still move between the two. While there has been no evidence made public that Chinese government officials have accessed Americans' information through TikTok, the idea that China has the theoretical ability to weaponize an app used by half of America has been enough to set off an all-out crackdown.

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    Sell or Be Banned: Anti-TikTok Bill Passed by US Representatives
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      pubsub.blastersklan.com / slashdot · Thursday, 18 April - 00:33 edit

    TikTok has started testing its Instagram competitor, TikTok Notes, in Canada and Australia. TechCrunch reports: The company said on X that it is in the "early stage" of the app's rollout and that the app is "a dedicated space for photo and text content." "We hope that the TikTok community will use TikTok Notes to continue sharing their moments through photo posts. Whether documenting adventures, expressing creativity, or simply sharing snapshots of one's day, the TikTok Notes experience is designed for those who would like to share and engage through photo content," it said. The company didn't say much about the app's features and functionality apart from the fact that users can log in with their existing TikTok account. Even the app's description in the app stores is pretty light on details. The screenshots on the App Store listing suggest that the posts will appear in two-column grids on the home page. The screenshots also indicate that you can post multiple photos through a carousel post.

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    TikTok Starts Testing Its Instagram Competitor 'TikTok Notes'
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      pubsub.blastersklan.com / slashdot · Tuesday, 26 March - 15:18 edit · 1 minute

    An anonymous reader quotes a report from Reuters: Reddit will need to spend heavily on content moderation as it may face greater scrutiny as a public company, analysts said, threatening its longstanding policy of relying on an army of volunteers to maintain order on its platform. The newly listed company warned in its initial public offering (IPO) paperwork that its unique approach to content moderation can sometimes subject it to disruptions like in 2023, when several moderators protested against its decision to charge third-party app developers for access to its data. Depending on volunteers is not sustainable, given the regulatory scrutiny that the company will now face, said Julian Klymochko, CEO of alternative investment solutions firm Accelerate Financial Technologies. "It's like relying on unpaid labor when the company has nearly a billion dollars in revenue," he added. Reddit reported revenue of $804 million in 2023, according to an earlier filing. Reddit will need to make substantial investments in trust and safety, which could lead to a "dramatic" rise in expenses, Klymochko said. Josh White, former economist at the Securities and Exchange Commission and assistant professor of finance at Vanderbilt University, also said that banking on free volunteers is Reddit's biggest risk. The company would need to ramp up spending on anti-misinformation efforts especially as the U.S. prepares for the presidential election later this year, White said. "We believe our approach is the most sustainable and scalable moderation model that exists online today. We are continually investing in and iterating on new tools and policies to improve our internal capabilities," the Reddit spokesperson said.

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    Reddit May Need To Ramp Up Spending On Content Moderation, Analysts Say
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      pubsub.blastersklan.com / slashdot · Monday, 4 March - 01:58 edit

    "Reddit users have been reacting with deep gloom to the firm saying it plans to sell shares to the public..." the BBC recently reported: The company has said its plans are "exciting" and will offer the business opportunities for growth. However many users worry the move will fundamentally change the website... "When the most important customers shift from [users] to shareholders, the product always [suffers]," said one person. "It becomes 'what can we do this quarter to squeak out an additional point of revenue', instead of 'how can we make this product better'...." [T]he company has recorded losses every year since its start, including more than $90m last year. In the filing, Reddit said it had not started trying to make money seriously until 2018. It reported $804m in revenue last year, up more than 20% from 2022. Advertising accounted for nearly all of the revenue, but in a note to prospective investors chief executive Steve Huffman said he was excited about opportunities to make the platform a venue for commerce and license its content to AI companies.

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    How Will Reddit's IPO Change the Service?
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